No. Residence permits are required by those third-country nationals that plan on staying in Austria beyond 6 months.
If you intend to stay in Austria for more than six months and are not an EEA citizen or a Swiss national, then you will need to get a residence permit. However, if your period of stay is less than six months, you do not require a residence permit, but you will need a visa. Residence permits are issued for either employment, study or research.